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Нажимая кнопку "Продолжить", я принимаю политику конфиденциальности

circuit— цепь

source— источник

supply— подача, питание

to load— грузить, загружать, нагружать

otherwise— иначе, в противном случае

hence— следовательно

to pass — проходить

solid — твердый, крепкий

conductor — проводник

liquid— жидкость

vacuum— вакуум, пустота

transmission— передача

cable— кабель

series— последовательная

parallel — параллельная

to connect— связывать, соединять

path— путь

fault — недостаток, повреждение

fuse — плавка, плавкий

предохранитель

safety— безопасность

to overload— перегружать

insulation— изоляция 

 

Exercise 1.1. Answer the questions:

1. What is discussed in the present article?

2. What do we call an electric circuit?

3. What kinds of circuit do you know?

4. When is a "short" produced?

5. What does a short circuit often result from?

6. What safety device is used when the current in the circuit is too great?

7. What do we mean by the term "short circuit"?

8. What does the term "closed circuit" mean?

 

Exercise 1.2. Find the following equivalents in the text:

1. электрическая цепь

2. проводит ток

3. источник питания

4. включать лампу

5. закрыть цепь

6. ток исчезает

7. выключать цепь

8. выключать электроприборы

9. по линиям передачи

10. прохождение тока

11. повреждение провода

12. опасность перегрузки

13. пропускная способность провода

14. предохранитель плавится

15. вокруг цепи

16. твердые проводники

17. короткое замыкание

 

Exercise 1.3. Translate from English into Russian:

I. It is necessary to remember the term "circuit" because it is impossible to work

with electricity without circuits.

2- A short circuit may cause wire fault because of cable fault.

3. Travelling through solids, the electric current can flow through liquids and

gases.

4. The magnitude of the current as well as the voltage and resistance may vary

from a small amount to a very large quantity.

5. When a cold object and a hot one are brought into contact, the former gets

warmer and the latter gets colder.

6. Fuses are used for safety devices.

 

Exercise 1.4. Complete the statements choosing the appropriate answer:

1. The circuit is a complete path which carries the current from the source of

supply to the ... a) liquid. b)load. c) vacuum.

2. The circuit is closed when we ... an electric lamp.

a) switch off b) open c) switch on

3. The current is known to stop when the circuit is ...

a) broken. b) opened. c) closed.

4. If the current flows from one device to another, the devices are connected

in... a) parallel. b) series. c) combination of two kinds.

5. The current flow is the same and has only a single path in ... circuit.

a) series b) parallel

6. ... circuit provides several paths for the passage of current.

a) parallel b) series

 

Exercise 1.5. Translate the 1^st and the 7 th paragraphes.

Вариант 7

Read the text:

 

MEASURING DEVICES

Ammeters and Voltmeters. Ammeters measure the current flowing in a circuit and normally have scales, which are graduated or calibrated in amperes, milliamperes or microamperes. Voltmeters are used to measure the potential difference between two points in a circuit. The calibration of voltmeters is usually in volts, millivolts, or microvolts. The main difference between the two instruments of the same type or design is in the resistance of the operating coil; identical moving units may be used for either meter. An ammeter is connected in the positive or negative lead in series with a circuit and, therefore, must have a low resistance coil; otherwise the readings would be incorrect, as the coil would absorb an appreciable amount of power. A voltmeter is connected in parallel across the points of a circuit where the difference of potential is to be measured. The resistance of the operating coil must, in this instance, be as high as possible, to limit the amount of current consumed by it, or else a drop in potential due to the meter would occur and the pointer indication would not represent the true potential difference across the circuit. Wattmeters. The measurement of the power in a D. С circuit at any instant can be achieved by means of an ammeter and voltmeter, as the power in watts is the product of the current and the voltage. With A. С circuits, however, the instantaneous values are always changing. To measure A. C. power correctly,therefore, it is necessary to use the third instrument to measure the phase difference. The normal practice, however, is to combine these three instruments in one which will give a direct reading of power in watts. The most commonly used apparatus for measuring insulation resistance is the megohmmeter or "megger". The device is easy to handle. It consists of a hand-driven generator in a permanent magnet frame, which causes a moving coil to register the insulation resistance in ohms or megohms, the amount of which is indicated by a pointer. The "megger" is also used for continuity, ground, and shot-circuit testing in general electrical power work.