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Вопрос 3.
Types of graphical stylistic devices. The stylistic functions of graphon.
They serve to convey in the written form the effects which in the oral type of speech are expressed by intonation and stresses. We refer here the emphatic use of the punctuation and deliberate change of the spelling of a word.
Types of Graphical Stylistic Devices:
Multiplication: (Allll aboarrrrd!) shows intensity of speech.
Hyphonation: (grinning like a chim-pan-zee). Hyphenation of a word suggests the rhymed or clipped manner in which it is uttered.
Capitalization: (they LOVE him) Capitalized words are italicized and pronounced with great emphasis.
The use of italics, the use of punctuation: I Love him!!!
And the use Typical resection (загл.)
Graphon is intentional violation of the spelling of a word (or word combination) used to reflect its authentic pronunciation. Graphon proved to be an extremely concise but effective means of supplying information about the speaker’s origin, social and educational background, physical or emotional condition, etc.
• Graphons can also show the physical defects of the speakers like stumbling or lisping;
• Graphons convey authentic pronunciation, some peculiarity in pronouncing words or phrases emphatically;
• Most graphons show features of territorial or social dialect of the speaker. For e.g. London cockney dialect;
Graphon, thus individualizing the character’s speech, adds vividness and memorability.
According to the frequency of usage, variability of functions, the first place among graphical means of foregrounding is occupied by italics. Italics are used to single out epigraphs, citations, foreign words, allusions serving the purpose of emphasis. Italics add logical or emotive significance to the words.
Through graphons an author reveals and emphasizes his viewpoint.
Вопрос 4.
The linguistic mechanism of metaphor, varieties and stylistic functions of metaphors. Personification. Catachresis.
Metaphor is lexico-phraseological stylistic device, based on the interaction of logical and contextual meaning of the word.
The semantic structure of metaphor consists of 3 components:
1) the object of our thoughts;
2) the object with which we compare it;
3) ground for comparison;
Types of metaphor:
1) Trite metaphor = языковая метафора = dead metaphor – it’s predictability is high, low expressiveness, easy to decode, frequently used, fixed in dictionary as a secondary meaning
Ex. Spring is coming! Road(=way) to success. Ray of hope, food for thought, seed of evil, to swallow the hint
2) Genuine metaphor has a low predictability, more implication. It is a creation of the author, the reader needs effort to decode. Genuine metaphors are used in emotive prose, poetry, imaginative literature, and trite metaphors are a typical feature of spoken English, newspaper and publicist styles.
Metaphor can be:
1) simple – 1 word, 1 usage
2) extended (sustained) – consist of metaphor and those words which are semantically related to the 1 metaphor.
A beautiful swan1 spreads2 her wings3. = reminds the idea to become popular 1, 2, 3 are semantically related.
Another type of metaphor is Personification in which the author identifies inanimate object with a human being. E.g. The face of London. Pain of the ocean.
Allegory – a type of metaphor expressing abstract ideas or principles through concrete pictures of characters.
Ex. “The Lord of the Flies”
Вопрос 7.
Вопрос 8.
Вопрос 9.
Вопрос 10.
Вопрос 29.
Вопрос 31.
Вопрос 32.
Вопрос 33.
Вопрос 34.
Вопрос 3.
Types of graphical stylistic devices. The stylistic functions of graphon.
They serve to convey in the written form the effects which in the oral type of speech are expressed by intonation and stresses. We refer here the emphatic use of the punctuation and deliberate change of the spelling of a word.
Types of Graphical Stylistic Devices:
Multiplication: (Allll aboarrrrd!) shows intensity of speech.
Hyphonation: (grinning like a chim-pan-zee). Hyphenation of a word suggests the rhymed or clipped manner in which it is uttered.
Capitalization: (they LOVE him) Capitalized words are italicized and pronounced with great emphasis.
The use of italics, the use of punctuation: I Love him!!!
And the use Typical resection (загл.)
Graphon is intentional violation of the spelling of a word (or word combination) used to reflect its authentic pronunciation. Graphon proved to be an extremely concise but effective means of supplying information about the speaker’s origin, social and educational background, physical or emotional condition, etc.
• Graphons can also show the physical defects of the speakers like stumbling or lisping;
• Graphons convey authentic pronunciation, some peculiarity in pronouncing words or phrases emphatically;
• Most graphons show features of territorial or social dialect of the speaker. For e.g. London cockney dialect;
Graphon, thus individualizing the character’s speech, adds vividness and memorability.
According to the frequency of usage, variability of functions, the first place among graphical means of foregrounding is occupied by italics. Italics are used to single out epigraphs, citations, foreign words, allusions serving the purpose of emphasis. Italics add logical or emotive significance to the words.
Through graphons an author reveals and emphasizes his viewpoint.
Вопрос 4.
The linguistic mechanism of metaphor, varieties and stylistic functions of metaphors. Personification. Catachresis.
Metaphor is lexico-phraseological stylistic device, based on the interaction of logical and contextual meaning of the word.
The semantic structure of metaphor consists of 3 components:
1) the object of our thoughts;
2) the object with which we compare it;
3) ground for comparison;
Types of metaphor:
1) Trite metaphor = языковая метафора = dead metaphor – it’s predictability is high, low expressiveness, easy to decode, frequently used, fixed in dictionary as a secondary meaning
Ex. Spring is coming! Road(=way) to success. Ray of hope, food for thought, seed of evil, to swallow the hint
2) Genuine metaphor has a low predictability, more implication. It is a creation of the author, the reader needs effort to decode. Genuine metaphors are used in emotive prose, poetry, imaginative literature, and trite metaphors are a typical feature of spoken English, newspaper and publicist styles.
Metaphor can be:
1) simple – 1 word, 1 usage
2) extended (sustained) – consist of metaphor and those words which are semantically related to the 1 metaphor.
A beautiful swan1 spreads2 her wings3. = reminds the idea to become popular 1, 2, 3 are semantically related.
Another type of metaphor is Personification in which the author identifies inanimate object with a human being. E.g. The face of London. Pain of the ocean.
Allegory – a type of metaphor expressing abstract ideas or principles through concrete pictures of characters.
Ex. “The Lord of the Flies”
Дата: 2019-07-31, просмотров: 492.