1. How many functions does the management have?
2. What must a good manager foresee?
3. Do also managers make hiring and firing?

3. Translate sentences into English.
1. Менеджмент – это умение руководить подчиненными, чтобы организовать успешную работу предприятия.
2. Организационная структура помогает управляющим распределить обязанности и контролировать их выполнение.
3. Обязанности служащих должны быть четко определены.
4. Высшее руководство менеджмента включает президента фирмы, вице-президента и генерального управляющего.
5. Среднее звено управления – это руководители отделов, управляющие производством.
6. Одна из важных функций управляющего любого уровня – это принятие решения.
7. Нужно уметь проанализировать проблему и выбрать правильный путь ее решения.
8. Хороший менеджер обязан найти для каждой должности подходящего служащего.

4. Определите времена группы Continuous. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The most important function of a manager at any level is decision making.
2. He will be writing a composition from 2 to 4 tomorrow.
3. She was playing the piano from 11 to 12 yesterday.

5. Translate into Russian.
1. The student asked at the lesson is my friend.
2. The text translated by Ann was interesting.
3. New giant factories built in our country supply our industry, science and agriculture with modem machinery.
4. Standing at the window he saw many passers-by.
5. While studying at the university she was interested in chemistry.
6. When translated the text I found many new words.
Вариант 3.

Read and translate the text.

                   From the history of accounting.
Do you know how old accounting is? It is as old as human civilization 6 thousand years. Life itself gave an impetus to the development of accounting, and accounting in its turn was of great importance for the development of human society. It stimulated literacy and the improvement of mathematical knowledge. In ancient Egypt, Babylon, Iran many record-keepers, where busy with accounting and record-making. In Egypt records where made on the sheets of papyrus and on the clay tables. They show that modem methods of accounting take their origin in the distant past. First of all ancient bookkeepers grouped resources on the basic of their similarity and the accounts of those times were prototypes of modem ones. Control was one of the most simplest forms of accounting. The results of inventory controls were given to the public utterance.

2. Answer questions to the text.
1. How old is accounting?
2. Where were records in Egypt made?
3. Did the ancient book-keepers group resources?

3. Translate in to English.
1. Бухгалтер имеет дело со множеством документов и цифр.
2. Цифры в бухучете не молчаливые знаки. Они могут говорить и подсказывать.
3. Мне нравится профессия бухгалтера.
4. Бухучет имел большое значение для развития общества.
5. Древние документы показывают, что современные методы бухучета берут свое начало в далеком прошлом.
6. В древние времена часто проводились инвентаризации, и их результаты носили публичный характер.
7. Только грамотные люди могли стать бухгалтерами.

Определите времена группы Continuous. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Inventory control was taking place in ancient times in Egypt, Babylon and Iran.
2. The level of accounting is being high at present time.
3. Management and marketing will be playing a great role in our life.

5. Translate sentences into Russian.

1. Standing at the window I could see playing children.
2. When reading your translation I found some mistakes.
3. I like the girl standing at the window.
4. I live in the house built two years ago.
5. The translation written by this girl is good.
6. When asked she did not answer.

Вариант 4.

1. Read and translate the text.
                           Free Enterprise.
Going into business is a dream of many people. It can be realized in the society with a free enterprise system. In a free enterprise system anyone who has the capital (from a few hundred dollars to a few million), the time, and, the experience to do so can go into any business he or she chooses. There are many government regulations concerning business local, state and federal. No one is legally prevented from starting any legitimate enterprise. But one must keep in mind that he doesn’t use another’s name product design business just as one is free to start something entirely now. People can be busy with big or small business. As experience shows, more people are employed by small business than by large. People do different business for profit.

2. Answer questions to the text.
1. What do many people dream about?
2. Is anyone legally prevented from starting any business?
3. What people do for profit?

3. Translate  sentences into English.
1. Расходы – уменьшение суммы капитала как результат деятельности компании в течение отчетного периода.
2. Рыночная стоимость – сумма, за которые средства могут быть реализованы на рынке.
3. Себестоимость – денежное выражение величины ресурсов, используемых для тех или иных целей.
4. Убытки представляют собой расходы, являющиеся результатом того, что средства пришли в негодность до истечения срока их эксплуатации по непосредственным причинам, как пожар или похищение.
5. Проводка – бухгалтерская запись отдельной трансакции.

6. Финансовый отчет показывает средства, обязательства и капитал компании на определенный момент времени.
7. Бухгалтерский отчет – специальный метод записи изменения в балансе и в отчете о прибыли.

4. Определите времена группы Continuous. Переведите предложения на русский язык .
1. We were working at the garden from 3 to 5 yesterday.
2. I am speaking English well now.
3. He will be playing chess from 12 to 4 tomorrow.

5. Translate into Russian.
1. The book read at home was interesting.
2. The sitting girl on the bench is my friend.
3. Going in for sports I become healthy.
4. Attending these lectures he gets much knowledge.
5. While dancing at the theatre I knew very much about cultural life in our country.
6. When asked at the lesson she did not answer this question.

Вариант 5.

1. Read and translate the text.
                 The importance of estimating costs.
If you want your business to be developed successfully, you should do enough planning and minimize the risk of failure during the first years of operation. How should you do it? Firstly you must estimate costs or money you spend to run the business.
There are three types of costs: labour costs, overheads and your own salary.
Material costs include the money you spend when you buy the materials and equipment you need. Labour costs include the money you pay to the people who work for you. Overheads include the money you pay for rent, telephone, calls, advertising, travelling and so on.
Your salary especially in small business is not the maximum money you get from your business. It is the minimum money which is enough for living.

2. Answer questions to the text.
1. What will you do to develop your business successfully?
2. How many types of costs are there?
3. Is your salary the maximum money?

3. Translate sentences into English.
1. В основном, самая лучшая причина для начала бизнеса – это зарабатывать деньги.
2. Ваша собственная зарплата, особенно в малом бизнесе, не является максимумом денег, которые вы имеете от бизнеса.
3. Материальные затраты включают деньги, которые вы тратите на материалы и необходимое оборудование.
4. Расчет ваших затрат – это трудная вещь.
5. Накладные расходы, включают деньги, которые вы платите за ренту, телефонные переговоры, рекламы, и путешествия.
6. Если вы хотите, чтобы ваш бизнес развивался успешно, вы должны сделать достаточное планирование.
7. Трудовые расходы включают деньги, которые вы платите людям, работающим на вас.
8. Приход должен быть большим, чем расход.

4. Определите времена группы Continuous . Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The student was asking an interesting question when the dean of our faculty came in.
2. A student will be doing his work from 2 to 3 tomorrow.
3. I am sitting at the lecture now.

5. Translate sentences into Russian.
1. Reading this English novel I understood nearly everything.
2. While making that part of the device he consulted one or two reference books.
3. The current generated flows through the circuit.
4. Any action taken may come too late to be of help.
5 .The house built in our street is very beautiful.

6. Studying foreign languages students should learn the words.

Вариант 6.

1. Read and translate the text.
                           Free Enterprise.
Going into business is a dream of many people. It can be realized in the society with a free enterprise system. In a free enterprise system anyone who has the capital (from a few hundred dollars to a few million), the time, and, the experience to do so can go into any business he or she chooses. There are many government regulations concerning business local, state and federal. No one is legally prevented from starting any legitimate enterprise. But one must keep in mind that he doesn’t use another’s name product design business just as one is free to start something entirely now. People can be busy with big or small business. As experience shows, more people are employed by small business than by large. People do different business for profit.

2. Answer questions to the text.
1. What do many people dream about?
2. Is anyone legally prevented from starting any business?
3. What people do for profit?

3. Translate into English.
1. Быть предпринимателем это интересно.
2. Быть предпринимателем это рискованно.

3. Я должен уметь просчитать риск.
4. У меня уже есть опыт руководства частным предприятием.
5. Люди могут вести большой или малый бизнес.
6. Два миллиона американских мужчин и женщин являются миллионерами. –7. Люди занимаются различным бизнесом ради прибыли.
8. Прибыль – это показатель вашего успешного бизнеса.
9. Обратная сторона прибыли - это убытки.
10. Заказчик (клиент) – это самая важная персона в любом бизнесе.

4. Определите времена группы Continuous. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The student was asking an interesting question when the dean of our faculty came in.
2. A student will be doing his work from 2 to 3 tomorrow.
3. I am sitting at the lecture now.

5. Translate sentences into Russian.

1. Sitting at the table the girl could see everything.
2. The boy reading the book is my brother.
3. While translating the lesson I learned many words.
4. The translated text was difficult.
5. The pencil taking by the boy was short.
6. The book written by Tolstoy was very interesting.

Вариант 7.

1. Read and translate the text.
                                 Accounting.
Accounting is often called the language of business.
It is used in the business world to describe the transactions between all kinds of organizations. Accounting shows a financial picture of the firm. Accounting records give a very important data. They can be used by managers, stockholders, creditors, banks and government.
Any accountant performs two main functions. They are to set up control over the activity of the business and to record its material resources. The actual record-making part of accounting is usually called book-keeping.
But accounting extends far beyond the actual making of records. A good accountant should deal with more than the record making part of accounting.
He should study the different ways open to the business. He should use his accounting experience to help the management to select the best plan of action for the business in order to make it more profitable.
All businesses prepare the balance sheet and the additional table to it once in three months.
These statements show if business is profitable or not and the state of material resources.

2. Answer questions to the text.
1. How many functions does any accountant perform?
2. For what purpose can accounting records be used?
3. What part of accounting is usually called book-keeping?

3. Translate sentences and words expressions into English.

1. Бухучет часть называют языком бизнеса.
2. В мире бизнеса.
3. Между всеми видами организаций.
4. Один раз в три месяца.
5. Они должны установить контроль.
6. Хороший бухгалтер должен иметь дело с …
7. Он должен использовать свой бухгалтерский опыт.
8. Помогать руководству выбрать наилучший проект действия бизнеса.
9. Бухучет показывает финансовую картину фирмы.
10. Все бизнесмены готовят балансовый отчет.

4. Определите времена группы Continuous. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He is sitting in the classroom.
2. She will be writing her test at 10 o’clock tomorrow.
3. When he was going to the cinema he saw his friend.

5. Translate into Russian.
1. Sitting at the table the girl could see everything.
2. The boy reading the book is my brother.
3. While translating the lesson I learned many words.
4. The translated text was difficult.
5. The pencil taking by the boy was short.
6. The book written by Tolstoy was very interesting.

Вариант 8.