Устно переведите следующий текст. Дайте письменный перевод абзацев 1,3, 5.

If you are worried about the environment, you might buy organic food; if you want to help poor farmers, you can do your bit by buying fairtrade products; or you can express a dislike of multinational companies and rampant globalization by buying only local production. And the best thing is that shopping is fun; so you can do good and enjoy yourself at the same time. Sadly, but it is not that easy. There are good reasons to doubt the claims made about three of the most popular varieties of “ethical food”: organic food, fairtrade food and local food. People who want to make the world a better place cannot do so by shifting their shopping habits: transforming the planet requires duller disciplines, like politics.

Organic food, which is grown without man-made pesticides and fertilizers, is generally assumed to be more environmentally friendly than conventional intensive farming, which is heavily reliant on chemical inputs. But it all depends on what you mean by “environmentally friendly”. Farming is inherently bad for the environment since the result has been deforestation on a massive scale.

Fairtrade food is designed to raise poor farmer incomes. It is sold at a higher price than ordinary food, with a subsidy passed back to the farmer. But prices of agricultural commodities are low because of overproduction.

Surely the case for local food, produced as close as possible to the consumer in order to minimize “food miles” and, by extension, carbon emission, is clear? Surprisingly not. A study of Britain’s foods system found that nearly half of food-vehicle miles were driven by cars going to and from the shops, therefore more local food could mean more food-vehicle miles. And what is more, once the energy used in the production as well as transport is taken into account, local food may turn out to be even less green.

So what should the ethically minded consumer do? Real changes will require action by governments, in the form of a global carbon tax; reform of the world trade system; and the abolition of the agricultural tariffs and subsidies. But these changes will come about only through difficult, international, political deals that the world’s governments have so far failed to do.

1.2.  Опираясь на текст, переведите на английский язык следующие слова и выражения:

Окружающая среда, внести вклад, дочерняя компания, трудовая этика, сильно зависеть от, химикаты, доход, сельскохозяйственные товары широкого потребления, принимать во внимание, оказываться, налог, трудоёмкий, торговая система, не удаваться что-либо сделать, вырубка лесов, потребитель, средство передвижения, требовать.

1.3 Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What bit can you do if you are worried about the environment?

2. What does the notion “ethical food” include?

3. Why can farming be considered bad for the environment?

4. Why does local food turn out to be less green?

5. What should the ethically minded consumer do? And why? Express your own opinion.

1.4 Подчеркните пунктирной линией все случаи употребления герундия в тексте.

1.5 Выпишите из текста существительные с левыми и правыми определениями, выраженными неличными формами глагола (Participle I, Participle II, Gerund, Infinitive.

2. Лексико-грамматические задания.

Заполните пропуски, выбрав соответствующее слово из списка.

Постройте вопросительные предложения (вопрос к подлежащему).

1. How many people/to the party/next week/will be coming? / How many people will be coming to the party next week?

2. What/you/were late/this morning/for work/happened? /...

3. Who/the bunch of flowers/you/sent? /...

4. Who/next to you/in class/sits? /...

5. What/send/ we/can/him? /...

Составьте предложения с глаголом-сказуемым в действительном залоге, употребляя инфинитивный оборот Complex Subject (формы инфинитива — Perfect Infinitive или Continuous Infinitive ). Переведите полученные предложения .

1. I think we have lost our way. /We appear to have lost our way.Мы, кажется, заблудились.

2. He pretended that he was working. /He pretended to be working. Он делал вид, что работает.

3. We were standing in the part of the market devoted to flowers. /We appeared…

4. I’m sure they are sorry for having done you harm. /They are sure…

5. It seems a hurricane is moving out of the Caribbean in our direction. /A hurricane seems…

6. I think he is preparing an account of the incident. /He proves…

7. It appeared for a moment that she was hesitating. /She…

Устно переведите следующий текст. Дайте письменный перевод абзацев 1,3, 5.

If you are worried about the environment, you might buy organic food; if you want to help poor farmers, you can do your bit by buying fairtrade products; or you can express a dislike of multinational companies and rampant globalization by buying only local production. And the best thing is that shopping is fun; so you can do good and enjoy yourself at the same time. Sadly, but it is not that easy. There are good reasons to doubt the claims made about three of the most popular varieties of “ethical food”: organic food, fairtrade food and local food. People who want to make the world a better place cannot do so by shifting their shopping habits: transforming the planet requires duller disciplines, like politics.

Organic food, which is grown without man-made pesticides and fertilizers, is generally assumed to be more environmentally friendly than conventional intensive farming, which is heavily reliant on chemical inputs. But it all depends on what you mean by “environmentally friendly”. Farming is inherently bad for the environment since the result has been deforestation on a massive scale.

Fairtrade food is designed to raise poor farmer incomes. It is sold at a higher price than ordinary food, with a subsidy passed back to the farmer. But prices of agricultural commodities are low because of overproduction.

Surely the case for local food, produced as close as possible to the consumer in order to minimize “food miles” and, by extension, carbon emission, is clear? Surprisingly not. A study of Britain’s foods system found that nearly half of food-vehicle miles were driven by cars going to and from the shops, therefore more local food could mean more food-vehicle miles. And what is more, once the energy used in the production as well as transport is taken into account, local food may turn out to be even less green.

So what should the ethically minded consumer do? Real changes will require action by governments, in the form of a global carbon tax; reform of the world trade system; and the abolition of the agricultural tariffs and subsidies. But these changes will come about only through difficult, international, political deals that the world’s governments have so far failed to do.

1.2.  Опираясь на текст, переведите на английский язык следующие слова и выражения:

Окружающая среда, внести вклад, дочерняя компания, трудовая этика, сильно зависеть от, химикаты, доход, сельскохозяйственные товары широкого потребления, принимать во внимание, оказываться, налог, трудоёмкий, торговая система, не удаваться что-либо сделать, вырубка лесов, потребитель, средство передвижения, требовать.

1.3 Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What bit can you do if you are worried about the environment?

2. What does the notion “ethical food” include?

3. Why can farming be considered bad for the environment?

4. Why does local food turn out to be less green?

5. What should the ethically minded consumer do? And why? Express your own opinion.

1.4 Подчеркните пунктирной линией все случаи употребления герундия в тексте.

1.5 Выпишите из текста существительные с левыми и правыми определениями, выраженными неличными формами глагола (Participle I, Participle II, Gerund, Infinitive.

2. Лексико-грамматические задания.