8. Read and translate the following sentences into Russian to have a better idea of how the words from the Active Vocabulary List can be used in context.

 1. In his inaugural address, the president set out his vision for the nation over the next four years. 2. Since our research so far has not produced any answers to this problem, we need to adopt a different approach to it. 3. We present a new approach to the problem employing some statistical data. 4. She has suggested a novel approach to the problem. 5. There is a certain novelty value in this approach. 6. Postgraduate students must demonstrate novelty in their research findings. 7. Water can exist in three states: a liquid state, a gaseous state, and a solid one. 8. I am very concerned about the state of her health. 9. Please state why you wish to apply for this grant. 10. This is his first public statement about the investigation. 11. Problem statement should be built up in a way that it further provides a foundation for the rest of the proposal; it must be more conceptual in its meaning. 12. This chapter describes the methods applied in research. 13. This chapter introduces the research background and problem statements that indicate their importance. 14. Let me introduce myself: my name is Robert Smith. 15. The introduction of a thesis (dissertation) introduces the research topic, the methodology, as well as its scope and signifi cance. 16. The introduction of new working practices dramatically improved productivity. 17. My next guest needs no introduction. 18. You should conclude your dissertation by presenting the full import of your fi ndings, within the context of your overall research. 19. It is very important to present a correct and consecutive conclusion in a dissertation which helps to see the solving of the pointed above problems. 20. You should leave the reader with the ability to draw his or her own conclusions from what you have described in your paper. 21. They haven’t arrived at a conclusion yet. 22. The results were interpreted to reach a logical conclusion about the thesis. 23. I read the book reviews in the newspaper. 24. A literature review in a dissertation gives an overview of the field of inquiry: what has already been said on the topic, who the key writers are, what the prevailing theories and hypotheses are, what questions are being asked, and what methodologies and methods are appropriate and useful. 25. The educational software was sent to teachers for review. 26. She reviewed her notes for the speech. 27. The last day to submit your dissertation to the departmental reviewer for approval is on August 15. 28. I refer to your letter of 12 March, 2013. 29. These figures refer only to land for housing. 30. I am writing with/in reference to your letter of 15 March. 31. He made the whole speech without reference to the notes in front of him. 32. Her former teacher gave her a reference when she applied for the job. 33. There is a list of references at the end of the article. 34. Her teacher gave her a letter of reference (a reference letter). 35. She gave her college tutor as her referee to the interviewer. 36. At the interview she outlined what I would be doing. 37. The book outlines the major events of the country’s history. 38. I propose that we delay our decision until we have more information. 39. Have you read Mike’s proposal for the new project? 40. He felt he needed to prove his point. 41. These results are a further proof of his outstanding ability. 42. Once you have a question in mind, begin looking for information relevant to the topic and its theoretical framework. 43. Nobody could predict the outcome. 44. The results of the experiment confirmed our predictions. 45. Your dissertation should demonstrate mastery of research techniques. 46. Scienti fi c techniques developed in materials science offer invaluable information to archaeology, and art history. 47. What kind of general principles will you use to evaluate your hypothesis? 48. The thesis must be revised extensively and undergo the evaluation and defense process. 49. I will summarize the main points of the argument in a few words if I may. 50. To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem. 51. To write a summary, use your own words to express briefly the main idea and relevant details of the piece you have read. 52. Any investment entails risk. 53. The department collects information on political extremists. 54. Before you begin to write a questionnaire, you need to first determine what information you are hoping to gather. 55. When collecting dissertation or thesis data, there are numerous things to consider. 56. They sent me a letter, spelling out the details of the agreement. 57. You should spell out the research hypotheses you will test or the specific objectives of the research.

9. Match the pairs of synonyms from A and B and translate them.

      A                                      B

 1. Originality                    a. reference

 2. observation                   b. proof

 3. part                               c. summary

 4. finding                          d. pertinent

 5. probation                      e. chapter

 6. relevant                         f. introduction

7. method                         g. novelty    

8. abstract                        h. conclusion

9. foreword                      i. technique

10. recommendation        j. statement

10. Match the verb on the left with a suitable item on the right. Use each item once only.

 1. refer                             а. at a conclusion

 2. draw                            b. the programme as effective

 3. arrive                           c. out a hypothesis

 4. collect                         d. a reference letter

 5. spell                            e. to new theories

 6. entail                           f. a plan                             

 7. set out                         g. the literature on research

 8. write                            h. a conclusion

 9. review                         i. your learning this problem

10. evaluate                      j. data

11. Make the following sentences complete by translating the words and phrases in brackets.

 1. PhD dissertation (план) is an effective way to simplify the process of organizing dissertation materials. 2. I have found that the most important elements that (прогнозировать) whether a dissertation will be completed and how good it will be are: your goal; your process — what to do, how to do it, when to do it; and your discipline. 3. What is your (подход) to solving this problem? 4. A (обзор литературы) gives an (обзор) of the field of inquiry. 5. He decided to (предложить) dealing directly with the suppliers. 6. In Master’s thesis, you have to utilize the research work in order to (доказывать) your point; in case of PhD dissertation, you have to add (новый) findings to existing literature. 7. When creating your (постановка проблемы), try to be very creative but at the same time be considerate on how significant your problem is. 8. The (рецензенты) of a doctoral dissertation must provide their statements within six weeks from the date when they were informed about their task. 9. You should use some basic (научные методы) to help you with your dissertation. 10. The (библиографический список) will contain the articles and books I have read.

12. Memorize the active vocabulary to Text 3A.

13. Read and translate the following international words. Look up their transcriptions in the dictionary if necessary. Mind the part of speech.

 Monograph n, motivate v, contribution n, hypothesis n, combination n, theoretical adj, analysis n, collection n, limitation n, format n, formal adj, start v, specification n, process n, actually adv, introduction n, journal n, summarize v, comparative adj, regression n, methodology n, author n, address v, interpretation n.

14. Read and translate the following word combinations which come from the texts of the Unit. Mind the use of nouns as attributes in preposition. Look up your dictionary if necessary.

 Data collection, data analysis, future research directions, a research dissertation, a study paper, research questions, research study, background work, a subject matter, a review chapter, a thesis work, a research topic, a PhD thesis statement, a regression analysis.

 15. Form the nouns with the help of the following suf fi xes. Read and translate them into Russian.

 a) -age: cover, break, store, stop, waste, pack, use, carry, dose, pass, post, sew, block, drain, leak, link, marry, waste;

 b) -al: remove, propose, dismiss, deny, arrive, withdraw, approve, renew;

 c) -ant: assist, consult, occupy, inhabit, account, attend, contest, defend, depend, serve, claim, descend, inform, inhabit;

 d) -ity: complex, functional, causal, available, possible, reliable, valid, applicable, original, productive, fatal, secure, formal, diverse, creative, familiar, responsible, able, electric, popular, authentic.

 Section 3. GRAMMAR PRACTICE

16. Read and translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the predicates used in the Passive Voice.

 1. Candidates are strongly advised to discuss with their supervisor(s) the style of writing to be used in the thesis before writing begins. 2. The supervisor has been consulted at the beginning of the work. 3. The stages of investigation and writing will be worked out in consultation with the supervisor. 4. The candidate is being asked to make a public presentation of his research fi ndings at the University now. 5. The candidate’s writing abilities had been assessed by the supervisor. 6. The opportunity to take part in a completion seminar gives the candidate the opportunity to receive constructive feedback from informed and experienced researchers. 7. The supervisor is usually brought papers to sign at 4 o’clock in the afternoon. 8. She has been offered a new job. 9. The thesis summary and chapter outline were presented to the members of the panel. 10. The candidate was told to submit an 80-word summary of the thesis to the School of Graduate Research. 11. The fi nal decision was arrived at after two hours’ discussion. 12. This method will be dealt with at the next stage of research. 13. This author was referred to in that journal. 14. This specialist was sent for as he was the only one to do that job. 15. Each postgraduate student was spoken to separately.

 17. Rewrite the active sentences as passive ones and translate them.

 Example: We will compare the research results. - The research results will be compared by us.

1. New approaches give new insights to old problems. 2. He was applying some new methods and techniques in the execution of the work. 3. You have proposed some new models of computation. 4. He wrote some joint papers with people who had substantial writing experience. 5. I had published the most important results in some journals by that time. 6. The qualified person beyond your advisor is discussing your work now. 7. They will have planned the job by the end of the month. 8. The examiners will consider the thesis solely on its merits as an independent piece of supervised research.

18. Complete the following sentences. Use the passive form (Simple, Continuous or Perfect) of the verbs in the brackets.

 1. The basic concept of my thesis ____________ (work out) now. 2. The first buildings _____________ (construct) by hand or with simple tools. 3. A lot of dissertations _____________ (defend) by 2010. 4. He _____________ (transform) into a professional researcher by the time he defends his dissertation. 5. In the near future, the present structure of Building Construction studies _______ (modify) by the implementation of Bologna Process. 6. All the methods he used in the thesis work ______________ (describe) in the thesis recently. 7. The hotel ______________ (build) on the edge of the lake at that time last year. 8. The implementation for a thesis research is interesting only if it _______________ (use) to validate some theory.

19. Most of these sentences contain one mistake. Correct each one or, if there is no mistake, write right.

 1. The work are judge by the thesis committee, and this produces anxiety. 2. After he presented his material, it was checked out carefully. 3. The initial draft of the paper is written by the candidate now. 4. The pages are numbered consecutively and clearly in his report presented last time. 5. A Ph.D. thesis is treated very seriously at leading universities. 6. The correctness of the results is checked at that time yesterday. 7. The presentation material use in future. 8. All candidates were just required to prepare at least one substantial piece of work. 9. The problems in later stages of writing a thesis are usually rooted from a weak thesis proposal. 10. Acquiring expertise in writing are often see as important professional development for postgraduates.

20. Read and translate the following sentences with emphatic inversion.

1. Included in this development of individuals are basic technical skills coupled with an understanding of the economic and social process that infl uences the building industry. 2. Attached to the office building are a laboratory, a workshop and a canteen. 3. Completed properly and expeditiously is every phase of the project. 4. Never before had we received such results. 5. Working at this design are many consultant experts.

21. Translate the following sentences into English using the correct tenses (the Passive Voice).

1. Когда я вошел в аудиторию, уже обсудили первую главу диссертации. 2. Когда я вошел в аудиторию, обсуждали первую главу диссертации. 3. Диссертация была защищена в 2009 году. 4. Сейчас обсуждается новый подход к изучению этой проблемы. 5. Научная новизна диссертации определяется комплексным и всесторонним исследованием данной проблематики. 6. На эту публикацию еще не ссылались. 7. В работе показана практическая значимость результатов исследования. 8. Рекомендательное письмо уже было получено. 9. Было внесено предложение об изменении темы диссертации. 10. Эта проблема будет решаться сотрудниками нашей лаборатории.